Toxocariasis
This one is a parasite that comes from a type of roundworm (Toxocara roundworm), more specifically from their larvae that live inside of feces and sometimes can be found even in cats. In order to make sure that you limit the chance of contracting this, only pick up dog poop with a plastic bag, gloves, or shovel, and always make sure you wash your hands or disinfect them afterward.
In animals that end up contracting this disease, the symptoms include vomiting, diarrhea, worms in the stool, and even blood in the stool. While for humans, things can end up pretty complicated. People who get toxocariasis can have the roundworm travel to their lungs, which can cause shortness of breath, break you out in hives, give you bloody stools, and cause severe abdominal pains.